Russia
Source: mid.ru

Media members,

Foreign Minister of Iran Abbas Araghchi and I held detailed and substantive talks today and, as always, they were held in a friendly, constructive, and trust-based atmosphere.

We stated progress in Russia-Iran relations which have become significantly stronger in recent years. In 2025, the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran was signed and entered into force on October 2. The fact that President of Russia Vladimir Putin and President of Iran Masoud Pezeshkian put their signatures under this treaty underscores its importance for Moscow and Tehran.

We discussed the tasks set by our respective presidents during their meeting in Ashgabat last week and expressed confidence that once implemented this treaty will give a powerful boost to bilateral interaction and help us align our approaches to regional and multilateral issues with a primary focus on expanding the capabilities of the two countries in the interest of improving stability and security in our common region.

We noted the particularly trust-based nature of the political dialogue at the top, intergovernmental, and interparliamentary levels, as well as at the interagency and ministerial level. Civil society contacts are expanding to further strengthen neighbourly ties between our countries.

We highly praised the advanced level of practical bilateral cooperation in trade, the economy, and investment. Trade has been steadily up by more than 10 percent for the second straight year, over 15 percent last year. The Permanent Russian-Iranian Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation is fully operational with its co-chairs, Minister of Energy Sergey Tsivilyov and Iranian Minister of Petroleum Mohsen Paknejad, remaining in contact at all times. We discussed the importance of making thorough preparations for the next meeting of the intergovernmental commission, which will take place in Tehran in February 2026.

We share a common view on the importance of promoting business ties. In this regard, the entry into force of the Free Trade Agreement between the EAEU and Iran this year, and Tehran obtaining observer status in December 2024, is of utmost importance. We are interested in continued expansion of the legal and regulatory framework between our countries with an eye towards eliminating trade barriers.

We underscored the importance of carrying out flagship infrastructure projects, including the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. With the support of the Russian personnel, it continues to operate in standard mode and remained operational even amid the June aggression by Israel and the United States. We reviewed in detail the status of the implementation of the project to build the Rasht-Astara Railway section financed through a state loan provided by Russia. The construction of this railway is monitored by our respective presidents as a priority project. The railway is the key to the full-on launch of the western branch of the strategic North-South International Transport Corridor.

The exchange of views on international and regional issues reaffirmed our overlapping positions or close views on most matters. We spoke in favour of further democratisation of international life based on multipolarity, which is on track to become a reality in full accordance with the principles enshrined in the UN Charter that have been sabotaged by the collective West for many decades now.

The objective course of history warrants the implementation of the lofty principles of the UN Charter. Importantly, these principles must be acted upon, respected and applied in practice not occasionally, but exclusively as an indivisible and interdependent whole.

This strongly resonates with the Ukraine conflict, where the collective West is pushing to manipulate every provision of international law and to replace them with its own “rules” that are at odds with the universally recognised international legal norms and serve only the push of the collective West, above all Europeans, to continue their neocolonial policies aimed at living off other nations the way they did over the past 500 years starting in the era of colonialism. The neocolonial economic, trade and financial dependence of African countries, as well as many countries in Asia and Latin America, on the West has remained unchanged to this day.

We denounced the use of unilateral coercive measures that undermine international law which fact has become particularly glaring amid the Ukraine crisis. Europe is trying to scuttle the constructive ideas put forward by the Trump Administration, as it violates every rule and principle that have until now governed international economic and financial relations, encroaching on property that the West itself had only recently declared inviolable, and eroding in many ways the principles promoted by Europeans, including as part of the globalisation efforts. What we are witnessing today is a process of fragmentation, not globalisation.

Speaking about the use of unilateral coercive measures, we stand fully in solidarity with Iran and a number of other countries. We advocate creating a group of countries that have a stake in countering this lawless behaviour. I believe this process will gain ever more supporters as it moves forward. We agreed to consolidate members of the international community who share these approaches. We will continue substantive work to neutralise the negative impact of illegal sanctions on the economies of our respective countries.

We covered in depth the Iranian nuclear programme dynamics amid the unapologetically aggressive and unlawful anti-Iranian policies adopted by a group of Western countries. Once again, Russia confirmed its readiness and willingness to help its Iranian friends identify acceptable solutions to overcome the nuclear dossier-related crisis created by the West. Acting in violation of all existing agreements and regulations that are legally established by the UN Security Council, Western Europeans are doing everything in their power to re-impose UN sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran, even though these sanctions expired more than a month ago alongside Security Council resolutions that were used to impose them.

We decry such disregard for law and international legislation, and the attempts to prioritise self-serving interests over the principles of the UN Charter. We hope that UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, whom they are also trying to weave into this game, can clearly see that he is being nudged into a trap and will say no to those who conspire to take advantage of his authority, reputation and office of Secretary-General to push through the Western countries’ self-serving and unlawful plans.

Clearly, any decisions regarding potential arrangements that could put an end to the current crisis and put the process on a constructive track must be taken exclusively by the Iranian government based on the interests of the people of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and with full respect of its right, as a full-fledged member of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes.

We will continue to deepen our cooperation at the UN, the SCO and BRICS. We covered several important regional issues, including the situation in the Middle East, primarily, the Palestinian territories, the South Caucasus, the Caspian region, Afghanistan, and neighbouring countries.

I would like to close by once again expressing satisfaction with the outcomes of the talks and to thank my Iranian counterpart for accepting the invitation to visit Russia.

Question (retranslated from Farsi): International relations are getting more intricate by the day. The international situation is marked by securitisation. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, what can Russia suggest in order to keep international law intact? How serious is Russia about fortifying multilateral policy on international platforms? Is Russia ready and willing to support BRICS and the SCO?

With the US seeking dominance, especially in the context of the ongoing developments in the Caribbean, is the UN under threat of falling apart?

Sergey Lavrov: As President Putin has repeatedly made it clear, including in his most recent remarks, the UN is the finest creation of diplomacy in the entire history of humanity, because there has never been a universal entity that would bring together all independent states of the modern-day world. This organisation is vested with authority and mandates in virtually every sphere of human activity, ranging from security and disarmament to the economy, investment, climate protection, and now also AI and other cutting-edge achievements in ICT.

The UN system, which comprises around 20 specialised agencies and institutions, is, by all accounts, unique. However, just like any other bureaucracy, it is affected by intrinsic flaws. Regrouping the currently functioning entities is the order of the day. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has spoken in favour of this change as well. In his UN80 Report released ahead of the UN anniversary, he pointed out that the organisation was overstaffed, noting that the opportunities to conduct personnel optimization looked good. I am confident that it will end up taking place eventually.

At the same time, based on the experience and impressions from my contacts with my colleagues in Europe, reforming the UN Secretariat and its units and departments will be no small feat, but still a much less daunting endeavour than reforming the EU bureaucracy in Brussels which has broken every record known to humanity. We even went as far as to draw the attention of the senior officials from the UN Secretariat to what is happening with the Brussels-based elite that continue to attempt to usurp the powers and legitimate rights of the sovereign governments of nation states.

Truth be told, the UN Secretariat has never come even close to such an adventurous undertaking. However, there have been half-hearted attempts by certain Secretariat bureaucrats, primarily in New York, to shove their own ideas down the throats of UN member states. In most cases, these attempts were backed by our Western colleagues. We brought this to their attention during the discussions that followed the Secretary-General’s report on UN reforms. Without a doubt, this issue will take centre stage in the context of overcoming disproportionate representation of the Western countries at the UN Secretariat, where the bulk, if not all important positions (with extremely rare exceptions), are held by citizens of Western states or citizens of other countries with second Western, mainly US or UK, citizenship.

This violates the UN Charter’s requirement for fair geographical representation across all bodies serving the organisation. This is kind of a congenital/acquired disease.

The US actions in the Caribbean are rejected by almost all countries except Europe. The latter have hunkered down and remain silent with regard to what Washington is doing. All they can think of is to persuade the Trump Administration to go down the European path on the Ukraine issue in order to perpetuate the war unleashed by the West against the Russian Federation and, as I said earlier, to bring the Americans over to their side of the fence and to prevent them from advancing their constructive agenda aimed at resolving the Ukraine crisis.

All other countries have made their positions clear. We are very concerned about what the US Navy is up to and, more broadly, about the bellicose rhetoric of the Pentagon whereby they are planning a ground operation on top of illegal actions involving the sinking of civilian vessels without trial or investigation in the Caribbean Sea. Looking at the prevailing balance of power in the international arena, all of the above undermines hope that agreements can ever be reached and honoured. Nevertheless, the United States remains open to a dialogue, but not on all issues. President Trump claims that he has made every decision there was to make on a number of issues, and carrying them out is all that’s left to do. 

Nonetheless, we welcome the positive side of the current Trump Administration as compared to the administration led by Joseph Biden, which refused to talk to anyone about anything and was incapable of any meaningful actions to begin with.

Your question was what we think about BRICS and the SCO. Unlike the EU, or what has become of it, and unlike NATO with its discipline of the rod, these are truly constellations of a new type. Incidentally, the EU and NATO alike are being subjected to attempts by their administrative heads, the head of the European Commission and NATO Secretary General, to bring them to heel.

If you ever have a chance to read what these characters have to say, you will get an impression that they think of themselves as the high and mighty political leaders of our time, rather than hired bureaucrats who are expected to carry out the will of the member states.

Nothing of the sort can even happen in the SCO or BRICS, which follow the principles of the UN Charter that have been tested over many decades now, namely sovereign equality of states, peaceful settlement of any disagreements, the search for consensus and common agreement on all issues, and concentration of efforts on implementing practical projects based on the principle of mutual benefit.

The work done by the SCO and BRICS will come as a reliable benchmark for making changes that are overdue at the UN and which, I would like to underscore this once again, should lead not to something revolutionary, but exclusively to reaffirmation by all UN members of their commitment to strictly observe all provisions of the UN Charter in their entirety and interconnection. I look forward to our Western colleagues, including the United States, contributing to the efforts designed to achieve such consensus.

Question: You said in your opening remarks that Russia is ready to help Iran look for a way out of the nuclear file crisis. Does it also imply Russia’s readiness to mediate the possible signing of an agreement between Iran and the United States?

Sergey Lavrov: For a number of years, Mr Abbas Araghchi and yours truly have been involved in preparing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which was adopted in 2015 and approved by the UN Security Council several months later.

Russia, as well as the other participants in this process, is deeply involved in the details that constitute the basis of that agreement and the details of how it was destroyed by the United States. This is the cause of the current problems. Those who have destroyed the JCPOA and undermined the UNSC resolution that approved it are now trying to shift the blame onto the Islamic Republic of Iran. This is clear to everyone.

We maintain contacts and regularly communicate with our Iranian friends. Our presidents communicate, and it is the fifth time that we have met with my Iranian colleague this year. Just like Mr Araghchi, senior advisor to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran Ali Larijani has visited Russia and met with President Putin.

These issues were discussed. Both Russia and Iran would like to stabilise and normalise the situation, precluding any further use of force. Exclusively political and diplomatic solutions is what we need in the current situation.

Since Russia is cooperating with Iran in the nuclear sphere, we have built and are now expanding the capacity of the Bushehr nuclear power plant. Since we are well aware of the situation in relations between Iran and the IAEA, we regularly discuss the approaches made public by European countries and the United States. Incidentally, we raise these questions during our expert contacts with our American colleagues, urging them to look for mutually acceptable solutions.

Therefore, the mediation services we can offer are well known. President Putin mentioned them during his contacts with Iranian and other representatives, and we also discussed them at the level of foreign ministers.

We are not imposing these mediation services on anyone. If the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main participant in that process decides that such services are necessary, we are ready to provide them, if Tehran’s other counteragents agree.

Question (retranslated from Farsi): We see that the Iranian-Russian relations are at their peak, especially after the entry into force of the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

On the other hand, you know that our enemies are trying to sour our relations. What do you think about our bilateral interaction and practical efforts in trade, the economy and science, as well as in defence and security, in light of the implementation of the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership? What other measures should we take to continue strengthening this common stance? 

Sergey Lavrov: Speaking about our practical cooperation in the material sphere – in trade, the economy and investments, we talked about it in detail during our opening remarks at this news conference, so I won’t repeat it.

As you correctly said, we are developing our military-technical cooperation in full compliance with international norms and without violating universal international rules in any way. There are contacts between our militaries, including aimed at training to combat common threats and challenges such as terrorism and drug trafficking. This cooperation will continue.

There are also cultural, humanitarian and educational ties and scientific contacts, which are rapidly developing, both within our bilateral relations and also in the context of Russia and Iran’s participation in various multilateral formats such as BRICS, the SCO and the Caspian Five. The interregional factor and contacts between municipalities are increasing their stance on the agenda of these structures. This is probably the best guarantee of the sustainability of these organisations and associations, because they reach to the ground, to the level of towns and cities, connecting the people living in them with the strong ties of friendship and contacts.

I have very optimistic expectations regarding the further build-up of our strategic partnership in full compliance with the new treaty.

As for additional measures, today you attended the signing of the plan of consultations between our ministries for 2026˗2028. We did not have such documents or used such practice before. We held consultations, but it is the first time that we are planning them for three years ahead. I am confident that this will increase the effectiveness of our foreign policy cooperation as our contribution to the implementation of the tasks set out in the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

We are ready to develop our ties in all spheres. We discussed this today, and we have reached agreements on a number of specific issues.

Question: Are you discussing the drafting of a new agreement between Iran and the IAEA to replace the Cairo agreement, or can the Cairo agreement be relaunched? If so, is Russia involved in this process?

Sergey Lavrov: We discussed this issue today. My colleague, Mr Araghchi, briefed us on Iran’s stand regarding contacts with the IAEA. We fully share this view, including because any steps in this direction should be based on the good will and fundamental assessments of our Iranian friends after the Israeli and US attacks on the facilities that have been and officially continue to be under the IAEA safeguards.

Of course, it worth noting that the IAEA has not yet expressed its attitude to the fact that facilities under its safeguards have been flagrantly subjected to illegal attacks.

As I have said, we appreciate the good will of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is ready to resume cooperation with the IAEA despite these facts but not in the interests of promoting the Western agenda. There is no doubt that agreements with the Islamic Republic of Iran are possible if the IAEA Secretariat acts in strict compliance with the powers assigned to it. We wish success to these efforts.

Russia
Source: mid.ru

Excellencies,

Distinguished colleagues,

On behalf of the Russian Federation I would like to express my gratitude to the Brazilian BRICS Presidency for organizing this special event on incentives for the private sector to counter corruption with the focus on BRICS perspectives and Global South experiences. We welcome this initiative as a contribution to further consolidating the BRICS anti-corruption track as a platform for sharing knowledge and expertise on various anti-corruption issues.

Actually, it is for the first time that the BRICS countries address the important topic of anti-corruption incentives for the private sector. It is particularly significant that this side event is held in the year that marks the 10th anniversary of the Saint Petersburg statement on promoting public-private partnership in the prevention of and fight against corruption adopted by Conference of State Parties (CoSP) in its 6th session hosted by Russia.

Over the years, my country has made considerable progress in implementing this comprehensive document also with regard to the provisions related to integrity in the private sector. Russian enterprises undertake collective action against corruption through such initiatives as the Anti-Corruption Ranking of the Russian Businesses and the Business-Barometer of Corruption that also inform relevant public policies. The Russian business associations and academic institutions hold multiple awareness-raising and training initiatives for the private sector on a regular basis, as well as international fora, including the Eurasian Anti-Corruption Forum.

The competent Russian authorities issue and update the guidance to address the needs of private entities. For example, materials on the detection and mitigation of corruption risks in public procurement, identification of conflicts of interest of public officials in procurement, anti-corruption awareness-raising and protection of reporting persons targeted, inter alia, at enterprises have been published recently by the Russian Ministry of Labour. Additionally, a model professional training programme on detecting and preventing bribery of foreign public officials has been adopted.

The Russian experts will make substantial contributions to the ensuing discussion, sharing in greater detail our practices in incentivizing the private sector to adopt anti-corruption measures. I am confident that this side event will be a solid contribution to the implementation of the Saint Petersburg statement and thematic resolution 10/12 tabled by Brazil in the previous session of the Conference.
I wish everyone a productive and enriching discussion.

Russia
Source: brics-plus-analytics.org

The BRICS as a platform for economic cooperation has advanced across many dimensions, yet most of the focus in building this alliance has been centered on the top-down initiatives driven by the member states. But for such policy impulses to be sustainable they need to be supported at the micro-level of enterprises and this is where measures to support palpable pragmatic cooperation may have been lacking thus far. One of the ways in which such bottom-up momentum in BRICS cooperation could be revitalized is via greater activism in boosting ties and linkages between corporates from across the Global South – in particular via pursuing “corporate matching” as a systemic strategy that takes into account and leverages the key strengths and peculiarities of the BRICS bloc. Such a concerted effort to pursue greater B2B connectivity across BRICS would also deliver important second-round effects pertaining to greater corporate transparency, digital inclusion and trust-building.

The theoretical foundations of the economics of matching companies have been extensively explored in the context of Network Economics and the Search and Matching Theory (Nobel Prize in Economics in 2010), with particular emphasis placed on search costs and the ways of attenuating frictions in building B2B connections[1]. Advanced international experience in the sphere of assisting companies to reduce search costs and connect to counterparts in national markets and abroad include economies such as Australia (Export market development grants and Austrade’s business matching services), Singapore (Enterprise Singapore and Open Innovation Networks) and South Korea (KOTRA’s Online Business Matchmaking and the Innobranch platform). BRICS economies such as India have also had their share of success in employing tools such as the Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC), GeM, IndiaMART to connect companies.

Why is matching at the micro-level of companies so important for BRICS? One of the key reasons is distance – the BRICS are at times separated by enormous distances not only geographically, but also culturally – the members of the bloc in effect represent different civilizations whose business practices and cultural norms may differ significantly[2]. Another reason matching is so important is the relative lack of information concerning these economies, with most of the available data and information flows still concentrated in the economies of the developed world. In this context matching serves to reduce information asymmetries and enhances trust through iterative rounds of building connections and alliances.

This process of alliance building has palpable second round and multiplier effects in the subsequent stages of BRICS micro-level cooperation. Such second-round effects may emanate from financial and digital companies aiming to further intermediate and facilitate B2B connectivity, with important implications for digital inclusion, greater corporate openness/transparency and the growth in activities and businesses related to servicing the rising volume of intra-BRICS connections. Once the BRICS platform economy starts to take off, then the power of network effects and the use of big data in the corporate sector may further provide a boost to building B2B connectivity. The important implication of network effects in a BRICS push to build B2B connectivity has to do with the scenario in which once a critical mass of connections (critical mass theory)[3] between companies has been built, cumulative growth kicks in as further increments in such connections within the BRICS+ space become easier to build on the back of the growing volume of information/data from earlier/past connections.

Viewed through the prism of game theory, the creation of intra-BRICS B2B connectivity and value-chains is becoming even more pressing given the segmentation of the economic space through paradigms such as near-shoring and friend-shoring. In such a game-theory setting, segmentation may become a dominant strategy accentuating further rounds of divisions into blocs across the global economy. This in turn leaves the corporates from BRICS economies to seek greater optionality in expanding their corporate connections via the “South-South” domain, including within the BRICS+ framework.  

Spatial economics may also be an important guide for BRICS in building B2B connectivity. One potential path is the creation and co-integration of BRICS corporate clusters (with tangible agglomeration economies and R&D spillovers), in which greater matching and connectivity may occur both within and across such centers of economic activity. The platform for BRICS “special economic zones” advanced in 2024 may serve as a potential backbone for building such connectivity. Another important spacial dimension is the “hub and spoke” model, whereby BRICS economies serve as key entry points into their respective regions, with corporate connections or the creation of value chains that are established between hubs being propagated to the wider markets of their regional BRICS+ partners. This model is in line with the framework of the BRICS+ business model that we advanced in 2024: https://brics-plus-analytics.org/business-model-innovation-in-em-towards-a-brics-business-model/.

The array of potential connectivity modes across corporates is expanding and for the BRICS+ framework may include the following tracks:

• SME connectivity
• Public-private partnerships (PPPs)
• Standard B2B between mainstream companies
• Connections between Social enterprises (SEs)
• Connectivity between SEs and mainstream companies
• Connectivity between Impact investors and SEs
• Connectivity between regional/national development banks and corporates (mainstream and SEs)
• Strategic alliances between large corporates
• Value-added chain connectivity

The key focus in this corporate matching effort needs to be directed at boosting digital cooperation and creating digital B2B platforms across BRICS+. This allows the BRICS+ economies to fully take advantage of network effects and make use of the expanding set of data on BRICS+ enterprises. Working towards co-integrating the national B2B matching systems across BRICS+ and perhaps creating a BRICS mechanism that would provide for the inter-operability of such systems would present a worthy policy priority track in the upcoming BRICS presidencies, most notably for India (given its advances in this area) in 2026.

Within the existing framework of the BRICS bloc, it is the BRICS Business Council that could take the lead in the efforts to co-integrate the B2B digital platforms across the BRICS+ space. There may be scope for other forums and platforms within BRICS to support such efforts, including the BRICS platform for regions and municipalities created in 2024[4]. Indeed, apart from corporate matching there is scope for R2R (region-to region) matching to be pursued and combined with B2B connectivity across the BRICS+ space. The BRICS AI alliance discussed in 2025 may also be instrumental in leveraging AI capability to enhance the operation of the digital B2B platforms facilitating corporate connectivity.

In the end, matching as a strategy may be the key factor that builds BRICS connectivity from the micro-level of companies and enterprises. It may also serve as a “learning technology” through which information asymmetries are addressed and longer-term horizons set in with greater trust-building. The possibilities for such endeavors in the corporate space are enormous, particularly given the under-utilized potential in the expanding South-South segment of the world economy. With developing economies growing rapidly, and with South-South trade and investment becoming an increasingly prominent part of the global economic landscape, the BRICS+ B2B connectivity effort may be the crucial element in sustaining these fundamental global trends.

Russia
Source: en.interaffairs.ru

Sergey Lavrov:
Media members,
Foreign Minister of Iran Abbas Araghchi and I held detailed and substantive talks today and, as always, they were held in a friendly, constructive, and trust-based atmosphere.

We stated progress in Russia-Iran relations which have become significantly stronger in recent years. In 2025, the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran was signed and entered into force on October 2. The fact that President of Russia Vladimir Putin and President of Iran Masoud Pezeshkian put their signatures under this treaty underscores its importance for Moscow and Tehran.

We discussed the tasks set by our respective presidents during their meeting in Ashgabat last week and expressed confidence that once implemented this treaty will give a powerful boost to bilateral interaction and help us align our approaches to regional and multilateral issues with a primary focus on expanding the capabilities of the two countries in the interest of improving stability and security in our common region.

We noted the particularly trust-based nature of the political dialogue at the top, intergovernmental, and interparliamentary levels, as well as at the interagency and ministerial level. Civil society contacts are expanding to further strengthen neighbourly ties between our countries.

We highly praised the advanced level of practical bilateral cooperation in trade, the economy, and investment. Trade has been steadily up by more than 10 percent for the second straight year, over 15 percent last year. The Permanent Russian-Iranian Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation is fully operational with its co-chairs, Minister of Energy Sergey Tsivilyov and Iranian Minister of Petroleum Mohsen Paknejad, remaining in contact at all times. We discussed the importance of making thorough preparations for the next meeting of the intergovernmental commission, which will take place in Tehran in February 2026.

We share a common view on the importance of promoting business ties. In this regard, the entry into force of the Free Trade Agreement between the EAEU and Iran this year, and Tehran obtaining observer status in December 2024, is of utmost importance. We are interested in continued expansion of the legal and regulatory framework between our countries with an eye towards eliminating trade barriers.

We underscored the importance of carrying out flagship infrastructure projects, including the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant. With the support of the Russian personnel, it continues to operate in standard mode and remained operational even amid the June aggression by Israel and the United States. We reviewed in detail the status of the implementation of the project to build the Rasht-Astara Railway section financed through a state loan provided by Russia. The construction of this railway is monitored by our respective presidents as a priority project. The railway is the key to the full-on launch of the western branch of the strategic North-South International Transport Corridor.

The exchange of views on international and regional issues reaffirmed our overlapping positions or close views on most matters. We spoke in favour of further democratisation of international life based on multipolarity, which is on track to become a reality in full accordance with the principles enshrined in the UN Charter that have been sabotaged by the collective West for many decades now.
The objective course of history warrants the implementation of the lofty principles of the UN Charter. Importantly, these principles must be acted upon, respected and applied in practice not occasionally, but exclusively as an indivisible and interdependent whole.

This strongly resonates with the Ukraine conflict, where the collective West is pushing to manipulate every provision of international law and to replace them with its own “rules” that are at odds with the universally recognised international legal norms and serve only the push of the collective West, above all Europeans, to continue their neocolonial policies aimed at living off other nations the way they did over the past 500 years starting in the era of colonialism. The neocolonial economic, trade and financial dependence of African countries, as well as many countries in Asia and Latin America, on the West has remained unchanged to this day.

We denounced the use of unilateral coercive measures that undermine international law which fact has become particularly glaring amid the Ukraine crisis. Europe is trying to scuttle the constructive ideas put forward by the Trump Administration, as it violates every rule and principle that have until now governed international economic and financial relations, encroaching on property that the West itself had only recently declared inviolable, and eroding in many ways the principles promoted by Europeans, including as part of the globalisation efforts. What we are witnessing today is a process of fragmentation, not globalisation.

Speaking about the use of unilateral coercive measures, we stand fully in solidarity with Iran and a number of other countries. We advocate creating a group of countries that have a stake in countering this lawless behaviour. I believe this process will gain ever more supporters as it moves forward. We agreed to consolidate members of the international community who share these approaches. We will continue substantive work to neutralise the negative impact of illegal sanctions on the economies of our respective countries.

We covered in depth the Iranian nuclear programme dynamics amid the unapologetically aggressive and unlawful anti-Iranian policies adopted by a group of Western countries. Once again, Russia confirmed its readiness and willingness to help its Iranian friends identify acceptable solutions to overcome the nuclear dossier-related crisis created by the West. Acting in violation of all existing agreements and regulations that are legally established by the UN Security Council, Western Europeans are doing everything in their power to re-impose UN sanctions on the Islamic Republic of Iran, even though these sanctions expired more than a month ago alongside Security Council resolutions that were used to impose them.

We decry such disregard for law and international legislation, and the attempts to prioritise self-serving interests over the principles of the UN Charter. We hope that UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, whom they are also trying to weave into this game, can clearly see that he is being nudged into a trap and will say no to those who conspire to take advantage of his authority, reputation and office of Secretary-General to push through the Western countries’ self-serving and unlawful plans.

Clearly, any decisions regarding potential arrangements that could put an end to the current crisis and put the process on a constructive track must be taken exclusively by the Iranian government based on the interests of the people of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and with full respect of its right, as a full-fledged member of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, to enrich uranium for peaceful purposes.

We will continue to deepen our cooperation at the UN, the SCO and BRICS. We covered several important regional issues, including the situation in the Middle East, primarily, the Palestinian territories, the South Caucasus, the Caspian region, Afghanistan, and neighbouring countries.
I would like to close by once again expressing satisfaction with the outcomes of the talks and to thank my Iranian counterpart for accepting the invitation to visit Russia.

Question (retranslated from Farsi): International relations are getting more intricate by the day. The international situation is marked by securitisation. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, what can Russia suggest in order to keep international law intact? How serious is Russia about fortifying multilateral policy on international platforms? Is Russia ready and willing to support BRICS and the SCO?

With the US seeking dominance, especially in the context of the ongoing developments in the Caribbean, is the UN under threat of falling apart?

Sergey Lavrov: As President Putin has repeatedly made it clear, including in his most recent remarks, the UN is the finest creation of diplomacy in the entire history of humanity, because there has never been a universal entity that would bring together all independent states of the modern-day world. This organisation is vested with authority and mandates in virtually every sphere of human activity, ranging from security and disarmament to the economy, investment, climate protection, and now also AI and other cutting-edge achievements in ICT.

The UN system, which comprises around 20 specialised agencies and institutions, is, by all accounts, unique. However, just like any other bureaucracy, it is affected by intrinsic flaws. Regrouping the currently functioning entities is the order of the day. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has spoken in favour of this change as well. In his UN80 Report released ahead of the UN anniversary, he pointed out that the organisation was overstaffed, noting that the opportunities to conduct personnel optimization looked good. I am confident that it will end up taking place eventually.

At the same time, based on the experience and impressions from my contacts with my colleagues in Europe, reforming the UN Secretariat and its units and departments will be no small feat, but still a much less daunting endeavour than reforming the EU bureaucracy in Brussels which has broken every record known to humanity. We even went as far as to draw the attention of the senior officials from the UN Secretariat to what is happening with the Brussels-based elite that continue to attempt to usurp the powers and legitimate rights of the sovereign governments of nation states.

Truth be told, the UN Secretariat has never come even close to such an adventurous undertaking. However, there have been half-hearted attempts by certain Secretariat bureaucrats, primarily in New York, to shove their own ideas down the throats of UN member states. In most cases, these attempts were backed by our Western colleagues. We brought this to their attention during the discussions that followed the Secretary-General’s report on UN reforms. Without a doubt, this issue will take centre stage in the context of overcoming disproportionate representation of the Western countries at the UN Secretariat, where the bulk, if not all important positions (with extremely rare exceptions), are held by citizens of Western states or citizens of other countries with second Western, mainly US or UK, citizenship.

This violates the UN Charter’s requirement for fair geographical representation across all bodies serving the organisation. This is kind of a congenital/acquired disease.

The US actions in the Caribbean are rejected by almost all countries except Europe. The latter have hunkered down and remain silent with regard to what Washington is doing. All they can think of is to persuade the Trump Administration to go down the European path on the Ukraine issue in order to perpetuate the war unleashed by the West against the Russian Federation and, as I said earlier, to bring the Americans over to their side of the fence and to prevent them from advancing their constructive agenda aimed at resolving the Ukraine crisis.

All other countries have made their positions clear. We are very concerned about what the US Navy is up to and, more broadly, about the bellicose rhetoric of the Pentagon whereby they are planning a ground operation on top of illegal actions involving the sinking of civilian vessels without trial or investigation in the Caribbean Sea. Looking at the prevailing balance of power in the international arena, all of the above undermines hope that agreements can ever be reached and honoured. Nevertheless, the United States remains open to a dialogue, but not on all issues. President Trump claims that he has made every decision there was to make on a number of issues, and carrying them out is all that’s left to do.

Nonetheless, we welcome the positive side of the current Trump Administration as compared to the administration led by Joseph Biden, which refused to talk to anyone about anything and was incapable of any meaningful actions to begin with.

Your question was what we think about BRICS and the SCO. Unlike the EU, or what has become of it, and unlike NATO with its discipline of the rod, these are truly constellations of a new type. Incidentally, the EU and NATO alike are being subjected to attempts by their administrative heads, the head of the European Commission and NATO Secretary General, to bring them to heel.

If you ever have a chance to read what these characters have to say, you will get an impression that they think of themselves as the high and mighty political leaders of our time, rather than hired bureaucrats who are expected to carry out the will of the member states.

Nothing of the sort can even happen in the SCO or BRICS, which follow the principles of the UN Charter that have been tested over many decades now, namely sovereign equality of states, peaceful settlement of any disagreements, the search for consensus and common agreement on all issues, and concentration of efforts on implementing practical projects based on the principle of mutual benefit.

The work done by the SCO and BRICS will come as a reliable benchmark for making changes that are overdue at the UN and which, I would like to underscore this once again, should lead not to something revolutionary, but exclusively to reaffirmation by all UN members of their commitment to strictly observe all provisions of the UN Charter in their entirety and interconnection. I look forward to our Western colleagues, including the United States, contributing to the efforts designed to achieve such consensus.

Question: You said in your opening remarks that Russia is ready to help Iran look for a way out of the nuclear file crisis. Does it also imply Russia’s readiness to mediate the possible signing of an agreement between Iran and the United States?

Sergey Lavrov: For a number of years, Mr Abbas Araghchi and yours truly have been involved in preparing the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which was adopted in 2015 and approved by the UN Security Council several months later.

Russia, as well as the other participants in this process, is deeply involved in the details that constitute the basis of that agreement and the details of how it was destroyed by the United States. This is the cause of the current problems. Those who have destroyed the JCPOA and undermined the UNSC resolution that approved it are now trying to shift the blame onto the Islamic Republic of Iran. This is clear to everyone.

We maintain contacts and regularly communicate with our Iranian friends. Our presidents communicate, and it is the fifth time that we have met with my Iranian colleague this year. Just like Mr Araghchi, senior advisor to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran Ali Larijani has visited Russia and met with President Putin.

These issues were discussed. Both Russia and Iran would like to stabilise and normalise the situation, precluding any further use of force. Exclusively political and diplomatic solutions is what we need in the current situation.

Since Russia is cooperating with Iran in the nuclear sphere, we have built and are now expanding the capacity of the Bushehr nuclear power plant. Since we are well aware of the situation in relations between Iran and the IAEA, we regularly discuss the approaches made public by European countries and the United States. Incidentally, we raise these questions during our expert contacts with our American colleagues, urging them to look for mutually acceptable solutions.

Therefore, the mediation services we can offer are well known. President Putin mentioned them during his contacts with Iranian and other representatives, and we also discussed them at the level of foreign ministers.

We are not imposing these mediation services on anyone. If the Islamic Republic of Iran as the main participant in that process decides that such services are necessary, we are ready to provide them, if Tehran’s other counteragents agree.

Question (retranslated from Farsi): We see that the Iranian-Russian relations are at their peak, especially after the entry into force of the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

On the other hand, you know that our enemies are trying to sour our relations. What do you think about our bilateral interaction and practical efforts in trade, the economy and science, as well as in defence and security, in light of the implementation of the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership? What other measures should we take to continue strengthening this common stance? 

Sergey Lavrov: Speaking about our practical cooperation in the material sphere – in trade, the economy and investments, we talked about it in detail during our opening remarks at this news conference, so I won’t repeat it.

As you correctly said, we are developing our military-technical cooperation in full compliance with international norms and without violating universal international rules in any way. There are contacts between our militaries, including aimed at training to combat common threats and challenges such as terrorism and drug trafficking. This cooperation will continue.

There are also cultural, humanitarian and educational ties and scientific contacts, which are rapidly developing, both within our bilateral relations and also in the context of Russia and Iran’s participation in various multilateral formats such as BRICS, the SCO and the Caspian Five. The interregional factor and contacts between municipalities are increasing their stance on the agenda of these structures. This is probably the best guarantee of the sustainability of these organisations and associations, because they reach to the ground, to the level of towns and cities, connecting the people living in them with the strong ties of friendship and contacts.

I have very optimistic expectations regarding the further build-up of our strategic partnership in full compliance with the new treaty.

As for additional measures, today you attended the signing of the plan of consultations between our ministries for 2026˗2028. We did not have such documents or used such practice before. We held consultations, but it is the first time that we are planning them for three years ahead. I am confident that this will increase the effectiveness of our foreign policy cooperation as our contribution to the implementation of the tasks set out in the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.

We are ready to develop our ties in all spheres. We discussed this today, and we have reached agreements on a number of specific issues.

Question: Are you discussing the drafting of a new agreement between Iran and the IAEA to replace the Cairo agreement, or can the Cairo agreement be relaunched? If so, is Russia involved in this process?

Sergey Lavrov: We discussed this issue today. My colleague, Mr Araghchi, briefed us on Iran’s stand regarding contacts with the IAEA. We fully share this view, including because any steps in this direction should be based on the good will and fundamental assessments of our Iranian friends after the Israeli and US attacks on the facilities that have been and officially continue to be under the IAEA safeguards.

Of course, it worth noting that the IAEA has not yet expressed its attitude to the fact that facilities under its safeguards have been flagrantly subjected to illegal attacks.

As I have said, we appreciate the good will of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is ready to resume cooperation with the IAEA despite these facts but not in the interests of promoting the Western agenda. There is no doubt that agreements with the Islamic Republic of Iran are possible if the IAEA Secretariat acts in strict compliance with the powers assigned to it. We wish success to these efforts.
***
Iran will never renounce its legitimate right to develop a nuclear program for peaceful purposes, including uranium enrichment, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated, TASS reports.

"The Islamic Republic of Iran is a member of the NPT and is committed to the non-proliferation regime [of nuclear weapons]. We fulfill our obligations, but we will not renounce our rights under this treaty, including the right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy and enrichment," he said at a press conference following talks with his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov.

According to Araghchi, the US and Israeli attacks on Iran’s nuclear facilities in June, even though they damaged buildings and equipment, were unable to destroy the technology.

Brazil
Source: brics.br

On the final day of the 4th Sherpas Meeting, the group's new presidency presented its priorities for 2026. The final session also featured the handover of the BRICS gavel

The 4th BRICS Sherpas Meeting concluded this Friday, December 12, with the formal transmission of the group's presidency from Brasil to India, marked by the handover of the gavel. The new leadership also presented the priorities to be discussed in 2026.

Brasil’s Sherpa, Ambassador Mauricio Lyrio, formally transferred the BRICS presidency to India’s Sherpa, Ambassador Sudhakar Dalela. “The discussions over the last two days reaffirm our commitment to strengthen cooperation within the group and with partner countries,” he stated. He thanked everyone and affirmed that he “looks forward to India’s leadership next year and the continuation of the progress achieved thus far.”

During the two-day meeting, the Sherpas reviewed Brasil's BRICS presidency, which focused on six key areas: Global Health Cooperation; Climate Change; Trade, Investment, and Finance; Multilateral Architecture for Peace and Security; Governance of Artificial Intelligence; and Institutional Development.

Indian Presidency

India’s Sherpa acknowledged the achievements under the Brazilian presidency. “Brasil led the BRICS with clarity of purpose and an admirable commitment to building consensus,” he congratulated.
Upon receiving the presidency, Sudhakar Dalela stated that the country is committed to carrying forward the endorsed collective agenda and sustaining the momentum that Brasil generated across the pillars of cooperation.

“Our presidency will remain guided by the fundamental principles of continuity, consolidation, and consensus, while remaining responsive to emerging global developments and the evolving priorities of the Global South,” Sudhakar Dalela further stated.

The Sherpa also presented the BRICS presidency priorities for 2026, which will be structured around four pillars: resilience, innovation, cooperation, and sustainability.

Within the objectives of each area are resolutions already agreed upon during the Brazilian presidency that will be continued, such as the development of systems for climate disaster risk reduction, cooperation for the equitable use of Artificial Intelligence, and the sharing of scientific knowledge and research, among others.

Furthermore, political discussions of extreme relevance to the Global South that guided Brasil’s BRICS presidency will continue: a more inclusive and diverse global governance and the reform of the United Nations (UN) Security Council.

The Amazon Gavel

The symbol of the BRICS presidency handover is the delivery of a gavel, produced by the current presidency for the next. Traditionally, the item is crafted to symbolize the host country's culture. In 2024, Brasil received a steel gavel from the then-Russian presidency, produced in the Ural region—a major industrial and mineral center of that country.

For the handover to India, Brasil decided to produce a gavel using repurposed wood from the Amazon Rainforest, sourced from the native trees Itaúba, Pau Rainha, and Jaqueira. The piece was handcrafted by the community of Novo Airão, in Amazonas, through the work of the Almerinda Malaquias Foundation. The project utilizes abandoned wood in rural areas, which would otherwise be burned, to create art.

According to Brasil's Sherpa, Ambassador Mauricio Lyrio, the idea is to pass on the concern for sustainability that Brasil championed—with the historic approval of the group's first declaration on climate finance—to the Indian presidency.

“The gavel represents both sustainability and the deep roots of cooperation that unite the group's countries. With this gesture, confidence in India’s upcoming presidency and the commitment to supporting its efforts to advance the BRICS agenda are reaffirmed,” explained the Brazilian Sherpa.

Although the official transfer of the BRICS presidency to India occurred this Friday, Brasil remains at the helm of the group until December 31, 2025. A final workshop on security will be held next week, with the participation of Ambassador Celso Amorim, Advisor for International Affairs to the President of the Republic.

Russia
Source: en.interaffairs.ru

The BRICS consortium unveiled its plan for a gold-based currency, boringly called the “Unit.” It is to be composed of 40% gold, and 60% of a basket of the domestic fiat currencies of the participating governments, including China, India, Brazil, Russia and so forth.

If a country had a regular gold-based currency today, then the value of the currency would be fixed to gold. In other words, foreign exchange rates with the other major fiat currencies would be terribly volatile, and also, would introduce a lot of trade and finance difficulties. Yes, you don’t want to follow those fiat currencies into the oblivion they deserve. But, you don’t want to beat yourself to death with forex chaos in the interim period either, ‘Forbs’ writes.

The solution, in that 2019 project, was to have a currency with 40% Gold and 60% US Dollars, a proxy for the whole global fiat currency space, since all the major currencies (USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, others) tend to stay pretty close to one another to reduce forex volatility. In the future, maybe that 60% of fiat would devalue away to dirt, and you would be left with an effective gold-only currency. But for now, having one foot in both worlds seemed like the best solution.

Recently, the BRICS consortium unveiled its plan for a similar solution, rather boringly called the “Unit.” It is to be composed of 40% gold, and 60% of a basket of the domestic fiat currencies of the participating governments, including China, India, Brazil, Russia and so forth. For one thing, this allows the reserve assets of the Unit to consist 60% of government bonds, instead of relying on gold bullion alone. We don’t yet have much of a market in gold-based bonds that could serve as reserve assets, as was common in the 19th century gold standard era.

You would have to be quite a monetary history geek to know that, for several centuries, the premier international gold currency of Europe was the Byzantine “Nomisma,” which means “the Unit”. So, there is a lovely history of boring currency names.

In the process, as the 60% of the Unit that was composed of fiat depreciated away over a period of years, the value of the Unit would, of course, fall 60% vs. gold. This would be a little uncomfortable, but not really that big a deal, in the kind of global monetary chaos that “depreciating away over a period of years” would create.

For now, the Unit would have a lot less exchange rate volatility with the domestic fiat currencies of China, Russia and elsewhere, making it easier to adopt and less disruptive of daily affairs. It is the kind of “feeling your way in the dark” strategy that has worked well for China over the past few decades. In China, this is known as “crossing the river by touching the stones."

As the BRICS become comfortable with their new arrangements, it will be a small step – rather than a risky leap – to a regular international gold standard system, that worked so well in the past, and will still work well in the future.